New York physician Cyrus Teed proposed a "concave" hollow-Earth hypothesis in 1869. Instead of assuming that we dwell on the exterior surface of the planet, Teed argued that the Universe revolves within the interior of a concave hollow Earth, which he called Koreshanity (after Cyrus the Great). He founded a pseudo-religious cult called the Koreshan Unity based on his strange cosmological concepts. David Koresh (born Vernon Wayne Howell), the leader of a Branch Davidian religious sect, perhaps believed himself to be the modern-day Cyrus the Great or a prophet of Dr. Teed's hollow-Earth beliefs. 54 adults and 21 children died after a U.S. government siege ended with the burning of the Branch Davidian ranch in 1993.

Admiral Richard E. Byrd of the United States Navy flew to the North Pole in 1926 and over the South Pole in 1929. But the official U.S. government release of Byrd's diary revealed erased records. His erased diary led to widespread allegations of a cover-up. A so-called "secret diary" of Admiral Byrd was later circulated among the supporters of the hollow Earth theory. In that disputed diary, Byrd allegedly told of entering the interior of the earth and traveling over mountains with green vegetation. After crossing subterranean lakes and rivers, he came across animal life resembling prehistoric mammoths. He eventually discovered cities and a prosperous civilization in the hollow interior of the earth.

When Jules Verne wrote "Journey to the Center of the Earth" in 1864, he inspired a new genre of impressionist romantics. One of the most peculiar aspects of the hollow-Earth theory is that it produces two roads - a "subconscious polarity" of opposite tendencies and contrary qualities. In other words, the North Pole interior is said to be positive whereas the South Pole interior is considered negative.

The North Pole story often centers on a Norwegian sailor named Olaf Jansen. Jansen's sloop supposedly sailed through an entrance to the Earth's interior at the North Pole. For years he lived with the inhabitants of the Agharta Kingdom. According to Ellie Crystal (crystalinks.com), Agartha is analogous to the Lost Eden or a sunken Atlantis, which still exists as a legendary city that is said to reside in the Earth's core. Initiates guided by Masters who are the spiritual leaders of humanity populate the underworld realm. They do not interfere in the lives of humans that live above the surface. Nor is there any interaction between them. However, it is believed that the race of supermen and superwomen do occasionally come to the surface to oversee the development of the human race.

But the South Pole is where Adolf Hitler wanted to create a line of soldiers to rule the world. There is a legend that says Hitler and his chiefs escaped the last days of the Third Reich by going through the opening at the South Pole (Antarctica) where they discovered an entrance to the Earth's interior. This story is full of twists and turns with Nazi-designed UFOs, and Nazi collaboration with scheming aliens (a race of serpent people) who live in the center of the Earth. The Thule Society, which was closely watched by Hitler, reported Tibetan expeditions to find openings into the Earth. As rumor has it, Hitler was influenced by concave hollow-Earth ideas and sent an expedition to spy on the British navy by aiming cameras up into the sky. Based on a 1944 German submarine fleet speech by Admiral Dönitz, there is also speculation that Hitler ordered a research mission to build an "an invisible fortification" in Antarctica.

Putting aside mythology, modern geologists don't speak of a hollow Earth. But they do concern themselves with the Earth's porosity. The Earth's interior is porous like a sponge. Underground caves and "porosity evolution" determine the range of pore sizes. Absolute porosity is the total of all void spaces present in the Earth's interior. The void space is expressed as a percentage. The exploitation of natural resources, such as groundwater and petroleum, is partly dependent on the properties of porosity. It is the ratio of the volume of openings (voids) to the total volume of material. Porosity represents the storage capacity of geologic material. So, in a roundabout way, the Earth is indeed hollow after all, as determined by crack and fracture systems, which are the functions of geological strain.

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